Microglia, the brain resident macrophages, are multifaceted cells that belong to the glial and immune systems. Beyond their role in immune defence, they are key actors of brain development, function, and homeostasis. Originating outside the central nervous
system from yolk sac myeloid progenitors, microglia colonize the brain during early embryogenesis following a highly stereotypical spatiotemporal pattern. Along their brain colonization, they exhibit a remarkable cellular and transcriptional heterogeneity
throughout development. Furthermore, by sensing a wide variety of local and systemic signals, microglia are positioned at a key interface between the brain and the environment.
Our recent work explored how microglia develop and interact with their local environment during prenatal and early postnatal life. We specifically investigated the mechanisms guiding their colonization of the developing forebrain, focusing on how local and cell-type specific signals influence their distribution and proliferation. We also found that microglia impact key processes essential for proper brain development, highlighting their early and multifaceted roles in neural development. Altogether, our work reveals mechanisms orchestrating microglial colonization in the developing brain and sheds light on their key contribution to early brain development.
Keywords: Microglia, Development, Inflammation
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